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Free radicals and other reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are constantly generated in vivo and can cause oxidative damage to DNA. This damage has been implicated to be important in many diseases, including cancer. Assessment of damage in various biological matrices, such as DNA, serum, and urine, is vital to understanding this role and subsequently devising intervention strategies. During past 20 years, many analytical techniques have been developed to monitor oxidative DNA-base damages. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are two pioneering contributions to the field. Currently, arsenal of methods available includes promising high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques, capillary electrophoresis, ^(32)P-postlabelling, antibody-base immunoassays, and assays involving DNA repair glycosylases such as comet assays. Objective of this review is to emphasize the biological significance of the oxidative DNA damage in cancer. Effectiveness of several techniques for measurement of oxidative DNA damage in various biological samples were also addressed.
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